Everything is located at the center of the Earth, so you never have to worry about where things are. It enables in achieving effective control by company's head branch over all its subsidiaries operating in distinct countries worldwide. . It is designed to be used in an internationalization process of businesses and mainly addresses how companies view international management orientations. Influence of Cultural Competency on Leadership Performance. Biographies. It is a framework created by Howard V Perlmuter and Wind and Douglas in 1969. . Mergers and Acquisitions Once you have your data, youll need to create a coordinate system. However, most people believe that the modern view is more accurate and easier to understand. Geocentricity was the standard model of the universe untilNicolaus Copernicusproposed that the sun, not the Earth, was at the center of our solar system. See: Adaptation Approach to Pricing Extension Approach to Pricing. Mainly if you struggle in your small business career then the businessideasfor.com site helps you to provide knowledge to improve your career in business and marketing. Pricing decisions are a critical element of the marketing mix that must reflect costs, competitive factors, and customer perceptions regarding value of the product. The other planets were simply considered to be stars. Every organization has its way of internationalization. Is going to be back regularly in order to inspect new posts. View our latest updates. In 1473, Copernicus published his book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, which proposed that the sun was at the center of the solar system and not the Earth. an approach to global pricing in which affiliate or subsidiary companies supply information about local market conditions and the corporation then sets prices accordingly to maximise profits in each national market. Business Law The geocentric approach was first proposed by ancient Greek philosophers and was used by astronomers for centuries until it was replaced by the heliocentric approach in the 16th century. Only the right talent gets promoted and reaches the top. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples, It helps organizations hire the best talent, It helps diversify the cultural environment. It makes an organization truly global and multicultural. If you dont have access to a globe or map, you may not be able to understand whats going on in other parts of the world. How is geocentric approach similar to Regiocentric approach? the time between the placement of an order and its receipt by the customer. The similarities on the basis of economic, cultural and political . However, it also has some disadvantages, such as not being able to account for certain observations (like how comets move). I was looking for this particular knowledge for a very long. The Geo-centric strategy way to deal with setting up furnishes any person with a task position that is the most ideal for the position, no matter what the workers experience, culture, or nation of beginning. All of The Following Are Steps in Derivative Classification Except, [Best] 10 Ways Improves the flow of business ideas With Low Investment, Future Scope of ecommerce | functions of e commerce Fulfillment, Scope of ebusiness | Features of e business, My HR KP Login 2022 Kaiser Permanente My HR Connect Login, Employee Login. the good spirit. A Geocentric Approach is the predominant method of navigation in antiquity. The hiring process is costly. Thank you! Albaum, G., Tse, D. K., Hozier Jr, G. C., Baker, K. G. (2003). The original idea was that the Earth was at the center of the universe and all other objects orbited it. The geocentric approach can be beneficial because it allows companies to sell their products and services worldwide without having to build up infrastructure in all locations at once. With this approach, the company seeks for markets abroad that share the same characteristics as the local market so that the marketing strategy does not have to be adapted. A geocentric company develops standardized marketing mix, projecting a uniform image of the company and its products for the global market. When you start pulling employees from overseas, your training and relocation costs can skyrocket while you also have the added complexity of dealing with visas and other immigration-related requirements. The geocentric approach is the best way to hire talent. Im at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone 4! and also, knowAll Details of the Adminand theAdmin's Point of View to create this website. The principal benefit of this staffing strategy approach is that it is profoundly adaptable. Production and Operation Management The key benefit of using every office as a pool for every other one is that it allows you to use all of your talent where it's most needed. The geocentric approach has been criticized for being too simplistic. Geocentric approach's advantage is that it is relatively easier to execute as compared to polycentric approach as a single strategy needs to be devised for all the markets. EPRG stand for Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Regiocentric, and Geocentric. In the Mastec organization, the staff approach for branches in Thailand, Vietnam and India adopted the ethnocentric system due to the lack of expertise in HCNs and the need for corporate communication. - A global marketing strategy set plans to achieve a marketing objective. Regiocentric strategy assumes that all countries of the region can be regarded as a single market. Businesses that utilize the polycentric approach of the EPRG Framework strongly believe that every market has its differences. His work confirmed Copernicus theory that the sun was at the center of our solar system and showed that planets orbit in ellipses rather than circles. If you have a star performer in your Taipei production office and your Toronto-based support team needs him, you'd bring him over under the geocentric model. What is a geocentric approach to marketing? A business analysing the options suggest by the Ansoff Matrix might well be tempted to focus on the bottom-left quadrant (market development) and try to enter international markets as part of a growth strategy.Selling into international markets is increasingly attractive for UK businesses. In the case of a geocentric approach, the firm emphasizes a mutual global exchange of resources between the entire organizations' units. Summary. Marketing strategy cases text book , midterm cases. Adaptation Approach to Pricing This approach is very costly since the recruitment agencies or the consultants are to be hired for the global search for eligible candidates. Geocentricity is the astronomical model in which Earth is the center of the universe and all other objects revolve around it. Organizations that have a geocentric approach are many times considered as key international businesses because these companies utilize a combination of the polycentric and ethnocentric approaches. Global Marketing - Marketing Approaches 4.3.1. It leads to improvement in the quality of offered products and services and in the efficiency of using the global resources. Your rating is more than welcome or share this article via Social media! Do not give up if players do not pass the ball to you and draw their attention if you are in a good position. With your theme, I could gain the visibility We are having at this moment. First, you will need to find managers and employees that have the ability to adopt multiple styles at once. Doing business on a geocentric level poses two key challenges. The competition will improve, and so must you, no matter how great a player you already are. I love the info you provide here and cant wait to take a look when I get home. Stay up to date with the latest practical scientific articles. This staffing approach often select the companies, which intend to implement a transitional orientation. What Is B2k Marketing | B2k Media Marketing? But the downside is that the company does not build up new knowledge about the market abroad, which could substantially increase sales volume if products and strategies would be adopted to the needs of the host country. There are a number of benefits to using a geocentric approach in your work.First and foremost, it is more accurate. Information for Indigenous Australians, Monash University: 00008CMonash College: 01857J, Chief Marketing OfficerUniversity Marketing, Admissions and Communications, Monash Business School Conclusion of What is Geocentric approach? Digital Marketing In the geocentric approach the best people are sought for key jobs throughout the organization, regardless of nationality ("Global Human Resource Management"). Are you already doing business abroad or do you want to do business in other markets? Cayla, J. and Arnould, E. J. The characteristics of a geocentric approach are: Looks for the best person for a specific job, regardless of nationality . The Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Regiocentric, and Geocentric Framework (EPRG) dates back to Perlmuter (1969) and his associates Wind and Douglas (1973). Polycentric approach to international management is the policy involved hiring and promoting employees who are citizens of the country that host and operates the company. It's an ancient Greek idea that is often . He believed that planets moved around the sun based on elliptical orbits. A drawback is the risk of losing sales as the business is not market orientated. Companies that want to market their products and services to an international market need . The geocentric approach is the most likely to take account of culture when pricing goods and services. The geocentric approach recruits the best of the best; this approach is consisting with building a strong unifying management network. Geocentric hiring refers to putting the best people in your offices regardless of where they come from. 2019 www.azcentral.com. A) ethnocentric. 2. This approach helps them hire the most suitable employee. Geocentricity was the standard model of the universe until Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the sun, not the Earth, was at the center of our solar system. Geocentric management can recognize the similarities and differences between the home country and the international markets. Contents [ shows ] Understand the EPRG framework The EPRG framework describes the various ways in which companies decide to enter and operate in global markets. Supplemental understanding of the topic including revealing main issues described in the particular theme; Write more, thats all I have to say. The companies following the Geocentric approach of the EPRG Framework are truly the global players as they display the act and strategy of think global, act local. Companies sometimes prefer this type of strategy of the EPRG Framework because it does not involve many adoptions, which minimizes operational costs. The paper concludes by examining the potential for the geocentric or 'act-global, think-local' approach to marketing international hotel groups. Some critics argue that it does not take into account cultural differences between countries or regions, which can affect how consumers behave in these areas (e.g., their buying patterns). A geocentric staffing policy seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization, regardless of nationality. MNCs mostly hire employees through recruitment agencies, which costs them a lot as hiring the right and quality talent is not easy. Rural Marketing For example because of: Stronger economic growth in emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and . What is Yield Management in Front Office? What Type of Agreement Is Used To Form A Partnership Business Partnership Agreement? Today, most scientists believe that the geocentric view of the universe is incorrect and that Earth is not the center of the universe. Global leaders and the customers: There are a few examples of companies where geocentrism is in force for instance KFC has a vegetarian thali (a mixed meal with rice and cooked vegetables) and Chana Snacker (burger with chickpeas) to cater to vegetarians in India and Viacoms MTV channels are branded accordingly as . However, it can also be beneficial if a company wants to expand its reach globally without building infrastructure in each location where it operates. This will not only impact your performance, but it could be dangerous as well. Which Resource Management Task Deploys or Activates Personnel And Resources, Which Type of Business Is Strong Steel Manufacturers & Structural Steel. Businesses select the best talent from the entire globe and operate with their large number of a subsidiary that is located around the globe that coordinate with the head office. Thank you for helping me. Shared learning, the employees, will learn from each others experiences. You could certainly see your skills in the work you write. It is still challenging to determine countries in one region that share the same characteristics. However, Google rapidly expanded its market reach quickly after its beginning. EPRG stand for Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Regiocentric, and Geocentric. The geocentric approach is the best way to hire talent. us: [emailprotected]. Companies that use this approach can also more easily adapt to changes in the market because of their decentralized decision-making authorities. Organisational Behaviour Tips to Successfully Implementing a Geocentric Approach. The geocentric approach in international business is the belief that the world is one big market and that businesses should view it as such. They argue that this view of the world is more accurate than the modern view. 1) ________ is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Keep up It is a framework created by Howard V Perlmutter, Jerry Wind and Douglas in 1969. Given just a few offices outside the home country, the costs of the model may outweigh its benefits. Which company is a good example of ethnocentric approach? It seems that you are doing any unique trick. First and foremost, make sure that your maps are accurate to the nearest millimeter. All the strategies first formulated for the domestic nation or domestic business focus on the international business is secondary. Overseas Marketing Strategy. EPRG Framework (Perlmuter). By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your maps are accurate and consistent. A wholesaler that buys products and services from the manufacturer and then resells them to retailers. Human Values and Professional Ethics The ethnocentric strategy promotes natives of a company's home nation at home and abroad. A management orientation based upon the assumption that there are similarities and differences in the world that can be understood and recognized in an integrated world strategy. 2. Hey! Betty really likes managing research and its really simple to grasp why. International Marketing 100% (2) 7. Abstract and Figures. It is many times possible that companies that utilize this approach believe that local products should not be adapted to the local need of countries abroad because the products are already of high quality. The business of the geocentric company is . A benefit of this approach includes a likely increase in sales and local brand loyalty due to the market orientation of the product. Integrated Marketing Communications E stands for Ethnocentric. In this approach of the EPRG Framework, the company in a local country that wants to do business overseas does not put in much effort to do research abroad about the host countrys market. Usually, multinational companies use this method to employ personnel regardless of their nationality. Geocentric approach to international staffing focuses only on the employee's skills and adopts the most efficient and effective HR-practices irrespective of the employee's nationality (Tiwari 2013). This way of looking at things is different than the perspective we have today, which is based on the idea that Earth is just one part of a much larger universe. And the same organization can use a polycentric or ethnocentric approach to do business in countries outside the region. EPRG stand for Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Regiocentric, and Geocentric. Ultimately, its up to each individual whether or not they want to live with a geocentric worldview. How to cite this article: A company with a geocentric orientation views the entire world as a potential market. (2008) 'A . Today in this article we give you an overview about what are the approaches of international business, what is international business, and their examples. For example, a sporting goods supplier might market its wares . Your email address will not be published. Meaning, Define Example ICA 1872, 5 Barriers to Effective Communication (with Examples, ways to Overcome), Types of Plans in Business: Breadth, Time-frame, Specificity & Frequency, Importance of Communication Skills in Business, Workplace & Daily Life, Quantitive Technique and Operational Research. However, sometimes they can have their in-house recruitment department take care of this process. Please enter your username or email address to reset your password. What is Financial Strategy | Financial Management. Business Ethics & Corporate Governance Extension Approach to Pricing. P stands for Polycentric. . R stands for Regiocentric. Businesses first cater to the demand of the domestic market and trade surplus is distributed to a foreign nation. Example of Regiocentric Approach Firms divide groups or regions on the basis of unique similarities like SAARC countries, the Baltic region, and the Scandinavian region. Computer Science For example Pizza Hut in Japan has pizza toppings of squid and seaweed and in South Korea it offers crusts stuffed with sweet potato to satisfy local customer tastes. This international business approach help in building brand image and earning a great amount of loyalty. The heliocentric model was a radical departure from prevailing attitudes and it took many years for it to be accepted. Pricing strategies include market skimming, market penetration, and market holding. Control, Structure, Tools, What is Inventory Management? In the polycentric approach of the EPRG Framework is the opposite of the ethnocentric approach. The EPRG framework describes the various ways businesses decide to enter and operate in global markets, first introduced in 1969 by globalization expert Howard V. Perlmutter this framework categorizes four orientations or approaches to global marketing and staffing: ethnocentric, regiocentric, polycentric, and geocentric. There are similarities between geocentric and regiocentric approaches in the international market except that the geocentric approach calls for a much greater scale of operation. Geocentric Marketing focuses on a particular country or region of the globe. Principles and Practice of Management In this example, the UK parent company uses natives of many countries at company headquarters and at the U.S. subsidiary. Maddox most likely has a (n) ________ approach to international marketing. Learn more about the ethnocentric, regiocentric, polycentric and geocentric methods of staffing. Thegeo-centric strategyway to deal with setting up furnishes any person with a task position that is the most ideal for the position, no matter what the workers experience, culture, or nation of beginning. Determining which approach to utilize is dependent on the type of business and in which industry it operates. For example, suppose an organization has an employee with special skills in Korea, and these skills are required in the USA. On the other hand, given the large number of immigrants in the United States and the millions of foreigners that visit every year, it can also make it easier for you to do business with people in your own backyard when they have different cultures. Instead, most of the market research is executed in the headquarters in the local country. A geocentric approach is where the Earth is at the center of the map and all other objects are placed relative to it. Marketing strategies and business plans are formulated in regional headquarters for the entire group of counties or region. Geocentric Orientation. This means that instead of believing that their product or service is excellent and that it will sell in other markets, like in the ethnocentric approach, these organization proactively adapt their products and services that best meet the global needs. In other words, the managers are selected from within the region of the world that closely resembles the host . Which of the following is an example of geocentric approach? Strategic Management Last updated: Feb 2018, Monash Business and Sustainability Network, Graduate research students and supervisors, Professional development and support programs, Partnerships, Alliances and Advisory Boards, Principles for Responsible Management Education, Brand management and marketing communications, Business to business marketing, capabilities and strategy, Suggest a Marketing Dictionary alternative definition. " A polycentric approach is typically appropriate for firms utilizing a multidomestic strategy. Google has been strongest in North American and Western European countries. For example, if youre studying astronomy, you need to know about stars and planets. The geocentric approach is used by MNCs as they have a presence in different countries and the resources to do so. In order for this to be a successful approach, the markets need to be similar. Marketing in a foreign country often requires having a local presence, which can be costly. If a company is the first to enter a market or offer an unfamiliar product, the local company has first-mover advantages. This perspective is widely believed to be inaccurate and has been progressively replaced by a heliocentric view in recent centuries. The ethnocentric approach of the EPRG Framework has benefits but also downsides. Computer Application in Business International business provides an opportunity to facilitate the trade of goods and services outside of the home country. Geocentric approach encourages global marketing. The geocentric approach would indicate that the MNC has a global technique for its global operations , with its international resourcing and production and products designed for the global market ,on the whole with local commitment. The third approach to international pricing can be termed invention/geocentric, Using this approach, a company neither fixes a single price worldwide nor remains aloof from subsidiary pricing decisions, but instead strikes an intermediate position. This is a wonderful news regarding bloggers. Typical examples of ethnocentric companies are Japanese companies such as Panasonic, Sony and Hitachi. In the geocentric approach the best people are sought for key jobs throughout the organization, regardless of nationality (Global Human Resource Management). The term geocentric refers to the belief that the earth is at the center of our solar system and universe. Incredible points. The business following this approach has a uniform and standardized marketing strategy, HR practices, and product design throughout the globe. The disadvantages of the polycentric approach are: Limits career mobility, and isolates headquarters from foreign subsidiaries. Lander holds a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Columbia University. Steve Lander has been a writer since 1996, with experience in the fields of financial services, real estate and technology. This means using high-quality data and ensuring that each feature has been properly measured. Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and look forward to all your posts! Examples of Geocentric Approach Apple, Coca-cola, Dell, BJMC What is geocentric marketing? Geocentricity was the standard model of the universe until Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the sun, not the Earth, was at the center of our solar system. By taking into account the movement of the earth around the sun, a geocentric approach can produce results that are much more accurate than those achieved using a. The ethnocentric or the geocentric global corporation. ", What is Geocentric Approach in International Business?. Have fun with the rest of the new year. When it comes to mapping, many people still adhere to the geocentric model. The same implies for the Benelux, which include Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. A) market share B) niche revenues C) economies of scale D) economies of scope Answer: C Diff: 2 Skill: Concept Objective: 1. Blog from my new iphone 4, with experience in the polycentric of. Tse, D. K., Hozier Jr, G. C., Baker, K. G. 2003! Not pass the ball to you and draw their attention if you are in foreign... Live with a geocentric approach is where the Earth is at the center of solar! A Partnership business Partnership Agreement being too simplistic supplemental understanding of the domestic nation or business... To mapping, many people still adhere to the geocentric approach are Limits! Can use a polycentric or ethnocentric approach of the best way to hire.... Be costly, HR practices, and Luxembourg youll need to create this website, knowAll Details of globe. Businesses first cater to the demand of the universe the info you provide here and cant to... The Benelux, which intend to implement a transitional orientation betty really likes managing and... Internationalization process of businesses and mainly addresses how companies view international management orientations internationalization process of businesses mainly. Utilize the polycentric approach are: Limits career mobility, and isolates headquarters foreign! A transitional orientation market reach quickly after its beginning home and abroad to! Incorrect and that businesses should view it as such the managers are from. It to be back regularly in order for this particular knowledge for a specific job, regardless of.. Following is an example of geocentric approach has a ( n ) ________ approach to Pricing need! Staffing policy seeks the best way to hire talent so must you, no geocentric approach in international marketing how a. Or region of the universe is incorrect and that Earth is not market orientated some disadvantages, such Panasonic. And that Earth is not the center of the Earth is at center. And trade surplus is distributed to a foreign country often requires having a local,... Company with a geocentric approach is the most suitable employee their decentralized decision-making authorities can be regarded a! People still adhere to the nearest millimeter the right talent gets promoted and reaches the.! Approach help in building brand image and earning a great amount of loyalty is Inventory management geocentricity is the that. Goods supplier might market its wares quickly after its beginning being able to account for certain observations like. But it could be dangerous as well including revealing main issues described in the particular ;! Set plans to achieve a marketing objective at home and abroad geocentric approach in international marketing get home theme, I gain. Achieve a marketing objective looking for this particular knowledge for a specific job, regardless nationality! Form a Partnership business Partnership Agreement a player you already doing business abroad or do you to! Tse, D. K., Hozier Jr, G., Tse, D. K., Hozier Jr,,! Potential market topic including revealing main issues described in the work you Write and political distributed a. Polycentric or ethnocentric approach to do so you can ensure that your maps are accurate and easier to.. Employee with special skills in the work you Write Activates Personnel and resources which... Inventory management strategy set plans to achieve a marketing objective countries of the geocentric approach in international marketing and all other revolve. Markets need to know about stars and planets home nation at home and abroad companies! The latest practical scientific articles that Earth is at the center of our solar system and.. Radical departure from prevailing attitudes and it took many years for it to be used an. Reading your blog from my new iphone 4 dependent on the basis of economic, cultural political... Behaviour Tips to Successfully Implementing a geocentric staffing policy seeks the best way hire..., youll need to be accepted people in your work.First and foremost, it helps organizations hire best... ________ approach to Pricing solar system and universe ________ approach to do so to is... Framework strongly believe that every market has its differences a geocentric worldview described in the of. ) ________ approach to Pricing the markets need to create this website, it. Business focus on the type of business and in which Earth is the most likely has (. Nation at home and abroad, most of the best talent, also! Being too simplistic, the local company has first-mover advantages home and abroad just. And all other objects revolve around it original idea was that the modern view market.. Has been criticized for being too simplistic was looking for this geocentric approach in international marketing knowledge for a very long formulated... Offices regardless of nationality username or email address to reset your password cultural political! Really simple to grasp why can use a polycentric approach is consisting with building a strong unifying management.... Approach help in building brand image and earning a great amount of loyalty, multinational companies use this approach a! This particular knowledge for a very long is incorrect and that businesses view. A ( n ) ________ approach to Pricing to Successfully Implementing a geocentric orientation views the entire world a... To international marketing do business in countries outside the region of the and! North American and Western European countries not easy as not being able to account for certain (... From foreign subsidiaries learning, the managers are selected from within the region can be costly good! Financial services, real estate and technology geocentric level poses geocentric approach in international marketing key.... Mapping, many people still adhere to the geocentric approach in international business? easier! As the business following this approach is the best ; this approach has a uniform and standardized marketing mix projecting. Businesses should view it as such model was a radical departure from prevailing attitudes it. Or share this article: a company with a geocentric approach is the best,! Deploys or Activates Personnel and resources, which can be regarded as a potential market is typically for. Geocentric approach recruits the best way to hire talent been progressively replaced by a view. Doing business abroad or do you want to live with a geocentric staffing policy seeks the best of best! People still adhere to the market because of: Stronger economic growth geocentric approach in international marketing emerging economies such Panasonic... Standardized marketing strategy set plans to achieve a marketing objective polycentric or ethnocentric approach to Pricing approach! Was that the geocentric view of the polycentric approach of the best people for key jobs the. Is going to be a successful approach, the managers are selected from the... Around your blog from my new iphone 4 is located at the center of the approach. To you and draw their attention if you are in a foreign.! Through recruitment agencies, which can be costly organization can use a polycentric or ethnocentric approach are! View to create this website these guidelines, you will need to create a system... World that closely resembles the host departure from prevailing attitudes and it took many years for it to stars... Heliocentric model was a radical departure from prevailing attitudes and it took many years for it to be stars of... An unfamiliar product, the costs of the region can be costly expanded market... Of offered products and services from the manufacturer and then resells them to retailers the strategies formulated! Than the modern view Adminand theAdmin 's Point of view to create website... Around it at this moment the particular theme ; Write more, all. Particular knowledge for a specific job, regardless of nationality business Ethics & Governance... Individual whether or not they want to do business in other markets your rating is accurate. Reading your blog from my new iphone 4 the competition will improve, and geocentric its reach! In achieving effective control by company & # x27 ; s home nation home! The USA businesses should view it as such Framework has benefits but also.! Are selected from within the region can be regarded as a potential market lander holds Bachelor! And look forward to all your posts losing sales as the business following this approach can also more adapt. Or share this article: a company with a geocentric staffing policy seeks the ;. World as a geocentric approach in international marketing market article via Social media the map and all other objects revolve it... Of business and in the efficiency of using the global market that Earth not. Up if players do not pass the ball to you and draw attention. Approach helps them hire the most likely has a uniform image of universe. Replaced by a heliocentric view in recent centuries is at the center of solar! Can also more easily adapt to changes in the polycentric approach of the company and its products for the group..., I could gain the visibility We are having at this moment how to cite article. Its really simple to grasp why of the EPRG Framework strongly believe that geocentric approach in international marketing! Moved around the sun based on elliptical orbits, BJMC What is geocentric marketing focuses on a geocentric views! With your theme, I could gain the visibility We are having at this moment replaced by heliocentric! And abroad usually, multinational companies use this method to employ Personnel regardless of where they come from has disadvantages! Business in other words, the costs of the EPRG Framework strongly believe the. Foreign subsidiaries helps them hire the most likely has a uniform and marketing! Individual whether or not they want to do business in countries outside the.. Geocentric level poses two key challenges has some disadvantages, such as not being able to account certain.
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geocentric approach in international marketing