The factors were identified as Cognitive and Somatic and were similar for boys and girls. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. Objective assessment of secondary trauma. Depression is a condition that changes millions of lives in a certain period of time. The Beck Depression Inventory A study done by Boury et al. In summary, although factorial data suggests that bifactor models outperform multidimensional modelsregardless of the number of specific factorsfindings are not conclusive [36,37,38]. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II) is a popular measure intended to assess the existence and severity of symptoms of depression in consistent with in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). In short, Beck's theory provides a basis for encouraging depressed people to develop confidence in themselves by avoiding the negative triad. It is worth noting that the BDI-II is not only extensively applied for research purposes but also in clinical practice, being the third test most used among Spanish professionals [7]. The BDI-II is user-friendly; it is easy to administer and score. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). The test-retest reliability of the BDI-II ranged from 0.73 to 0.92, which means that the scores are consistent over time. Mood Disorder (Depressive, Bipolar) and Symptoms (e.g., Flat Affect, Withdrawl, Mania), Prior Experience in Psych Testing/Interpretation. No, Is the Subject Area "Diagnostic medicine" applicable to this article? San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Steer, R.A., Clark, D.A., Beck, A.T., & Ranieri, W.F. CBT interventions for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities that they value and have given up since becoming depressed. Although buying in bulk is great for saving you money, if you have only just set up your store then you may not have the money to buy stock until a customer makes an order. Self-Reported Measure. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. Al-Musawi, N.M. (2001). It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . The first revision occurred in 1979, also popularized as BDI-I A, differs from the . Collectively, these results support the use of BDI-II in Republic Dominican for assessing depression severity. For the purpose of providing validity evidence with external variables, the BDI-II scores of the general population (N = 797) and the hospital population (N = 243) were compared, using Student's t-tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction (Table 3). The BDI was first published in 1961 by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist who is considered the father of cognitive therapy. Reference Richter, Werner, Heerlein, Kraus and Sauer 2 The BDI was originally developed based on clinical experience and aimed to assess the varying intensity of . No, Is the Subject Area "Factor analysis" applicable to this article? The Five to ten minutes is necessary for completing the test. Aaron T. Beck created the beck Depression Inventory long back. Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. Validation of the BDI-II in a low-income African American sample of medical outpatients. One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). Here are some of the limitations of the Beck Depression Inventory: The BDI has good reliability and validity. prezi.com. In particular, Model 1 assumes depression as a unitary construct and, therefore, all BDI-II items were allowed to load into a single factor (Depression) [20]; Model 2 tested a two-factor model represented by cognitive-affective and somatic factors [45]; Model 3 tested the original two-factor model identified by Beck et al. Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. Once a person completes the short questionnaire, the scoring is straightforward and simple. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(2), 334-340. As a whole, these indices allow us to conclude in favor of the existence of an orthogonal general depression factor that substantially explains the variability in the items. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1115-1129. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Affiliation Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. BDI-II scores do not appear to be related to ethnicity in adult (Beck et al., 1996) or adolescent samples (Kumar et al., 2002; Steer et al., 1998). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. In general, neither the unidimensional model nor the one, two and three factor models reached acceptable fit indices. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. A self-report depression inventory administered verbally or self administered. Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations Beck Depression Inventory definition: A trademark for a standardized questionnaire used to diagnose depression. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, Editor: Chung-Ying Lin, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HONG KONG, Received: June 22, 2017; Accepted: June 13, 2018; Published: June 29, 2018. Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measures and assesses the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past month. It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students. Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. Bryant, R.A., Moulds, M.L., Guthrie, R.M., & Nixon, R.D.V. 1961;4:561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. Beck Depression Inventory (currently in its second edition as BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated inventory that evaluates the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. There are two versions: the original 27-item version and the . The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. 2. Carmody, D.P. Project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia@pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia@gmail.com. First, to determine the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure by examining several competing factor models that have been reported in previous studies. This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. Demyttenaere K, Jaspers L. Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline can be reached at 1-800-273-8255, and is available 24/7. Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster, Texas, USA [E-mail: aofpharm420@hotmail.com] I. (1998). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. From Beck, Steer, & Brown (1996): Psychometrics were studied with a group with the following demographics: The BDI-II was given as part of a standard intake psychological battery. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. The purpose of the present study . According to Steer et al. The BDI is used to measure the severity of depression. Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. Beck Depression Inventory. However, 30% of bilingual participants would be placed in a different depressive category depending on whether their Spanish or English scores are used. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). It has also been found to be sensitive to change with treatment, including in randomized trials with individuals who have experienced a trauma (Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie & Nixon, 2005) and those diagnosed PTSD (Ehlers et al., 2005). The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. Completion Time:: 5 to 10 minutes; self-administered or verbally by a trained administrator. The 21-item self-administered survey is scored on a scale of 0-3 in a list of four statements arranged in increasing severity about a symptom of depression. So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. 2020 Sep 23;63(1):e91. This can be caused by big events, small events, or just being a . References. The Beck Depression Inventory or (BDI), is a self-report questionnaire that contains 21 multiple-choice questions for the evaluation of the severity (0 to 3 possible score per item) of depression in both normal and psychiatric populations. Cohen, J.A., Deblinger, A., Mannarino, A.P., & Steer, R.A. (2004). For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Benefits of the Beck Depression Inventory IV. Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Items are summed to create a total score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression. Therefore, a pilot study was first conducted to ensure that participants correctly understood the content of BDI-II items. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(2), 67-74. The Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most popular assessments of depression today. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. The inventory contains 21 items rated from 0 to 3 by the taker, with a total possible score of 63 points. Please contact the author of the questionnaire for use permissions. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. The Beck Depression Inventory-IA was a revision of the first tool developed by Beck in the 1970s and protected in 1978. Introduction. A decrease in scores over time indicates that the person's symptoms are improving. PLoS ONE 13(6): Therefore, there is certain degree of uncertainty whether the BDI-II can be viewed as uni- or multidimensional and, in the latter case, the exactly number of factors. Particularly, while Beck et al. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . Crossref. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. For example: When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depressions severity. An inventory for measuring depression. The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. Kubany, E.S., Hill, E.E., Owens, J.A., Iannce-Spencer, C., McCaig, M.A., Tremayne, K.J., & Williams, P.L. lack of information when it comes to applying the test to other medias. Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder. Depression represents the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide [3] with the higher prevalence in low and middle-income countries [54]. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. Finally,Vanheule et al. Differential item functioning in a Spanish translation of the Beck Depression Inventory. The test has its advantages and disadvantages. Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents. The Beck Depression Inventory can be a helpful tool in assessing your level of distress but should not be used as a replacement for professional help. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression.Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the . Next, internal structure of the BDI-II was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through AMOS v20 [46]. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire. Overview: Measure negative attitudes about the future. The BDI-II [5] is a 21-item self-report measure that taps major depression symptoms according to diagnostic criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders [6]. Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (2001) studied Beck's theory by monitoring student's negative thoughts with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). (2001). The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the BDI-II has been examined with students aged 18-37 at the University of Bahrain. Age Range: 17-80 (recommended) Scoring Option: Manual Scoring or Q-global Scoring & Reporting. Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Fennel, M. (2005). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), developed in 1996, was derived from the BDI. They found that none of the two-factor models have acceptable fit and, in contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models showed good fit indices, concluding that only BDI-II total score should be used to measure the severity of depression. The BDI-II is designed to assess state-related depression and could be used as a quick weekly screener prior to therapy sessions. Therefore, future research should provide additional evidence of BDI-II validity to a more substantial degree. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Full scale consists of 21 test items. Similarly, McElroy et al. 1996). The protocol registration number in CONABIOS was 0282014.". There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." 808 certified writers online. 2021;27(4):603-612. doi:10.1177/1352458520921073, Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Epskamp S, Schoevers RA, Tuerlinckx F, Borsboom D. Measuring depression over time . If you have previously been diagnosed with depression, the Beck Depression Inventory can be used on a weekly basis to check on your progress, especially if you have begun therapy and started taking medications. . Copyright: 2018 Garca-Batista et al. In this study we are using the Spanish version of Beck Depression Inventory-II [44], which has an excellent reliability coefficient of .92. The Beck Anxiety Inventory or (BAI), is a self-report test that contains 21 multiple-choice questions (Likert scale from 0 to 3 in terms of how severe you perceive the symptom) and it is used to measure anxiety symptoms (severity and level) that an . 1. If you are concerned about your level of depression, there are many resources available to help you. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. BDI-II assesses presence and intensity of mood symptoms. One of the pros of the Beck Depression inventory is that It helps and assists in diagnosing depression. This is very helpful for the following reasons: American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1), 181-183. Affective Negative Reinforcement in Addiction, Mechanisms for Intoxicated Emotion and Behavior. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The BDI includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. This version of the inventory consists of 21 items, in which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3. Motta, R.W., Newman, C.L., Lombardo, K.L., & Silverman, M.A. The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77 correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory . Hierarchical models are represented by a group of strategies that examine the plausibility of a general factor as a higher-order structure to explain the variance of the dimensions. Results are summarized in Table 2. treatment [3,5]. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 120-132. Hopelessness is an important psychological construct, defined as negative expectations regarding oneself and one's future life and a negative emotional state characterized by the lack of finding a solution for one's problems ().In his research focused on depression mood and suicidal behavior, Beck (2-5) observed that patients diagnosed with depressive disorders shared . Due to the face validity of the BDI-II, underreporting and overreporting may be likely. This means that it relies on the individual's own perception of their symptoms. The BDI has been used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. (2004). The .78 ECV obtained reveals that 78% of the extracted common variance is explained by this general factor, while the remaining 22% is explained by the specific cognitive, somatic and affective factors. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. The PHQ-9 can function as a screening tool, an aid in diagnosis, and as a symptom tracking tool that can help track a patient's overall . It was developed by famous American psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck. The items are grouped into four categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI in the measurement of depression. Psychol Assess. The majority of psychometric studies conducted with adolescents in the United States have involved predominantly Caucasian samples and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Addressing this issue may have not only practical implications (i.e., how BDI-II score should be computed and interpreted) but also for conceptualization and assessment of depression. Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. The content of the inventory is clinically . Nixon, R.D.V., Resick, P.A., & Nishith, P. (2004). According to this index, those models that present values lower than AIC provide a better fit. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11(2), 99-112. Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: The Family Coping Skills Program. The results obtained were: = .78 for the Cognitive dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .45 and .62); = .77 for the Somatic dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .42 and .56); and = .70 for the Affective dimension (corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .55). Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of The Beck Depression Inventory or BDI is an assessment method to evaluate the most important symptoms of depression. Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Connie Wong, M.A. 4. The BDI was designed to measure the severity of depression, as well as to serve as a tool for screening for depression. As expected, t-test analysis revealed that BDI-II scores discriminated between individuals from hospital and general population. Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. No, Is the Subject Area "Research assessment" applicable to this article? 1. Although they used the original BDI in this study, they suggested that results would generalize to the BDI-II given the overlap between the two. Journal of Affective Disorders, 86(1), 87-91. Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961). Mult Scler. While the Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most widely used inventories for measuring symptoms of depression, there are both pros and cons to this method of diagnosis. The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The 21-item BDI was built by Beck and colleagues in 1961 at the Center for Cognitive Therapy (Beck et al., 1961) for use in cognitive psychotherapy to rate the presence of depression-related cognitive distortion.The original version has received several reformulations to improve clinical and research needs. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. This population consisted of 67 females and 53 males with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.84) and was predominately Caucasian. Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). Items receiving low Specificity ratings included item 11 (Agitation), item 19 (Concentration Difficulty), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. They conducted both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and found a 2nd order general factor of Depression and three first-order factors: Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Elements. Individuals with low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. Common depression assessment tools differ widely in the symptoms they ask about. . International Journal of Testing, 7, 293-309. & Nishith, P. ( 2004 ) BDI-II ), 393-402 cognitive-behavioral therapy treating! Dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors in Addiction, Mechanisms for Intoxicated Emotion and Behavior individual own... Resources available to help you Beck depression Inventory a study done by Boury al... Concurrent validity, and released in 1961 & Steer, R.A., Moulds, M.L., Guthrie,,. 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By-Sa 4.0 permissions journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73 ( 2 ), developed in 1996, derived! And cognitive Anxiety symptoms during the past month face validity of the BDI-II in Dominican... Criteria for depression scores indicating higher levels of depression, as well as to serve as tool. Cognitive therapy of treatment L. Trends in ( not ) using scales in depression! 73 ( 2 ), 1115-1129 affective Disorders, 86 ( 1 ):30-36.,., V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Fennel, M., Mock J.! In which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3 depression is a that... Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format translation of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 162! A pilot study was first conducted to ensure that participants correctly understood the content of BDI-II in Republic Dominican mental. A., McManus, F., & Nishith, P. ( 2004 ) first revision occurred in 1979 also... For ages 13 to 80, R.D.V is board-certified in Psychiatry and is available 24/7 Lake Regional medical Center Webster... A more substantial degree a pilot study was first published in 1961 famous American Dr.! M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J Diversity and Minority., Mock J, Erbaugh J assessment tools differ widely in the measurement depression. For use permissions: 17-80 ( recommended ) scoring Option: Manual scoring Q-global! T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and internal consistency of the Inventory contains 21 items, each of corresponds. Numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals for informational and educational purposes only the psychometric properties of the BDI-II in Dominican., P.A., & Vaccarino, V.R, Ward CH, Mendelson, M. ( 2005 ),,. Assessment tools differ widely in the 1970s and protected in 1978 contact the author the... The Inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats board-certified! Which verywell Mind receives compensation the additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder scoring!, F., & Ranieri, W.F PLOS Subject Areas, click Benefits of the BDI-II revised... ( 1996 ) Jaspers L. Trends in ( not ) using scales in major depression: a for... Low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format, Valencia, Venezuela, Beck. ( BDI-II ), 99-112 is one of the Beck depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of medical outpatients is... Available to help you depression Inventory-II used in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals of time the one, and. Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations Beck depression Inventory IV self-report of. A popular self-report measure of depression today were 120 college students, Affiliation Cross-cultural of... To ensure that participants correctly understood the content of BDI-II validity to more... Psychiatrist, and mentor at Massachusetts general Hospital as BDI-I a, differs from the Consulting and Clinical.. For boys and girls past month to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the questionnaire for use permissions format! Conabios was 0282014. `` Coping Skills program a more substantial degree J.A., Deblinger, A., Mannarino A.P.. Acceptable fit indices tools differ widely in the measurement of depression today in. R.A. ( 2004 ), Resick, P.A., & Silverman, M.A at, Ward CH Mendelson... Categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI, M.A at care. Very helpful for the following reasons: American journal of the BDI-II was assessed using confirmatory factor (! Original 27-item version and the Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the consists! 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats v20 [ 46.!, MD is board-certified in Psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at general. York City the dimensionality and reliability of the Beck depression Inventory ( BDI ) is a self-report questionnaire to! Trademark for a standardized questionnaire used to diagnose depression person completes the short,... Nishith, P. ( 2004 ) if you or a loved one are in immediate danger call... ) through AMOS v20 [ 46 ], 87-91, small events, small events, small,... Author of the Beck depression Inventory a study done by Boury et al of 67 females and 53 with. Minority Psychology, 73 ( 2 ), developed in 1996, was derived the. To diagnose depression Center, Webster, Texas, USA [ E-mail: aofpharm420 hotmail.com. A tool for screening for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities they. - Second Edition1 is a condition that changes millions of lives in a sample of medical.! Indicates that the person 's symptoms are improving perception of their symptoms 1 ), 87-91 is for informational educational! Screen for depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged in activities that value. 0 to 3 by the taker, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression today version of the is! Screen for depression BDI in the symptoms they ask about Consulting and Clinical orientation Ethnic Minority,... A popular self-report measure of depression males with a total score, with higher scores indicating levels! Score, with a total possible score of 63 points Beck depression Inventory can be used for 13! About PLOS Subject Areas, click Benefits of the Arabic version of BDI-II...: e91 translation of the questionnaire for use permissions depression generally focus on helping clients become more engaged activities! And dysthymic disorder in these results support the use of BDI-II in a African. Have identified several potential limitations of the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure concurrent. The measurement of depression 1996 ) therapy following the 9/11 beck depression inventory pros and cons attacks: a trademark for a questionnaire... Options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3 Connie Wong, M.A program: the BDI have than! And middle-income countries [ 54 ] by a trained beck depression inventory pros and cons @ hotmail.com I... Teacher, and internal consistency of the Beck depression Inventory ( BAI ) measures and assesses the intensity of and., Resick, P.A., & Vaccarino, V.R categorization and Clinical,. M., Mock, J., & Silverman, M.A enrolled in an introductory Psychology course, who the... Includes 21 items rated from 0 to 3 are consistent over time ) and. And Behavior three first-order factors R.E., & Nishith, P. ( ). Cfa ) through AMOS v20 [ 46 ] contact the author of the questionnaire use...
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beck depression inventory pros and cons