Follow guidelines for benching, sloping and use of shoring/shielding equipment. Information is presented in several forms as follows: (f) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3. 15,30, Heavy machinery equipment or parts which are suspended or held aloft by use of Workers were ordered out of the trench just moments before a portion collapsed avoiding possible injury or loss of life. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. The left end of a spring is attached to a wall. 20 ft, Cylinders may be used as roller or supporters when, Whenever practicable all arc welding and cutting operations must be, Protect workers from the direct rays of the arc, Arc welding cables in need of repair must, Not be used and effectively repaired by a qualified person or disposed, When a structure or pipeline is employed as a ground return circuit, The required electrical contact exists at all joints, When welding or cutting I locations with combustibles, Hot work permit issued by the welding supervisor or other qualified person, You must never weld cut or perform hot work when, Which of the following is an example of a confined space, A permit required confined space will often have which of the following hazards, Which of the following is considered a confined space hazard, Excavations involving vapors and storage tanks are examples of a permit required confined space because both have, The potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, A permit does each of the following except, Which of the following is a reason why a confined space permit is required, An employer must ensure the following for entry into a permit space, Safe methods for entering and exiting the space, According to OSHA standards in subpart AA 1926 1204 when must a written permit space program be made, What is an employer required to do when a permit space is present at a worksite even though employees do not need to enter the space, Take steps to prevent employees from entering the space, Testing for the presence of oxygen is important for any confined space the concentration of oxygen in a confined space should be, For occupancy of a confined space when must hazard evaluation tests be conducted, Oxygen deficiency is defined as an atmosphere with less than, An inert has such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen is used to, Disconnecting or calling lines that may empty into the permit space, Controlling and removing potential hazardous substances or hazardous energy from entering confined space is control technique known as, Who is required to provide an entry permit for a permit required confined space, The two principal types of respirators are, To safely use air monitoring equipment in a confined space an operating must, Communications system equipment to be used in confined spaces may include which [8] ENR used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors. Pneumatic Shoring. The actual slope shall be less steep than the maximum allowable slope, when there are signs of distress. Footnote(1) Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. Designs of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems shall be selected and constructed by the employer or his designee and shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(1); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(2); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(3); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(4) as follows: (c) Appendix C, Timber Shoring for Trenches. OSHA requires protective systems when a trench reaches a depth of five feet. Use Protective Systems. Type C soil must have a slope no greater than _____. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with appendix A to subpart P of part 1926. Temporary protective structures (e.g., shoring, trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, engineering systems, etc.) 1926.652 (b) Design of sloping and benching systems. A safety and health program changes as an organization changes. Ramps made of soil or rock are not considered structural ramps. What is Type C soil? Members shall be released slowly so as to note any indication of possible failure of the remaining members of the structure or possible cave-in of the sides of the excavation. Federal trenching safety standards require protective systems for trenches deeper than 5 feet, that soil and other materials be kept at least 2 feet from the trench's edge. Upload your study docs or become a ", means a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins. means the members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system, means a structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure. The OSHA standard permits the use of a trench shield if it provides the same level of protection as the appropriate shoring system. Deep and long trenches are probably better suited to timber shoring than any other form of protective system. A or B, Bulldozer and scraper blades end loader buckets dump bodies, Flammable liquids have flash points below, OSHA specifies that for overhead power lines rated 50 kV, Must be provided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars, Operating levers controlling hoisting or dumping devices on haulage, A latch device to prevent accidental starting or tripping, No person must use any motor vehicle equipment having an obstructs view, An observer to signal that it is safe to reverse, All haulage vehicles whose pay load is loaded by means of cranes power shovels, Pneumatic tired earth moving haulage equipment who's maximum exceeds 15miles, All earthmoving equipment must have a service braking, When steel tube piles are being blown out, Kept well beyond the range of falling materials, Must be provided across the top of the head block to prevent, Requires for the leads to prevent the hammer from being raised, First aid treatment and planning is only necessary if emergency medical, The area along the waterfront edge of the pier or wharf, The raised frame as around a hatchway in the deck to keep out water, Industrial truck training must consist of all but, Heat from an electric arc a stream of ionized gas called plasma or burning gases, The most common and simplest type of welding today is, A process by which two pieces of of metal are joined, Activity which depends on the heat produced by the combustion of a fuel gas, In the arc welding process eye exposure to intense visible light, Metal fume is principally associated with what chemical substance, A colorless and tasteless cannot be readily detected by the senses, Vapors of these solvents are a concern in welding and cutting (2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in paragraph (d) of this appendix, and on the tables themselves. determine which protection method is the best to use at the site. As a general rule, the bottom vertical height of the trench must not exceed 4 feet. (i) Excavation of material to a level no greater than 2 feet (.61 m) below the bottom of the members of a support system shall be permitted, but only if the system is designed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench, and there are no indications while the trench is open of a possible loss of soil from behind or below the After that time the design need not be at the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. Hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over timber shoring when installing shoring because _____. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with appendix A to subpart P of part 1926. If you choose to use sloping, go to Figure 2, If you choose to use shoring or shielding to Figure 3, Option 1: Sec. To start using SafeSites powerful data collection tools for free today, sign up. After that time, the design may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the design shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. (i) Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Process generally follows what sequence, Secure the scene notify people investigate repot, test often conducted to initially identify and evaluate potential, generally the first and best strategy to control the hazard, the general duty clause imposes requirements on, the general duty clause of the occupational safety, why sometimes do construction workers take risks, positive role models who are committed to safety, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key ELECTROC, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key MANAGING, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Employers can choose the most practical method for the particular circumstance, but that system must meet the required performance criteria. Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the excavation. After that time this data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. Shields used in trenches are usually referred to as "trench boxes" or "trench shields. Shielding protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins. This process is automatic. Hazard prevention and control should contain both. Configurations. Timber, aluminum, or other suitable material may be used in the construction. when it is being dug in areas where erosion, deep frost, or sliding is probable. Protection methods include benching or sloping the sides of the excavation or using trench shoring or shielding equipment. Always err on the side of caution. Each table presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. Benching is similar to sloping and requires the removal of material from the face of an excavation. Failure to Inspect Trench and Protective Systems. Type C soil is the least stable type of soil . (ii) Designs shall be in written form and shall include at least the following: (A) The magnitude of the slopes that were determined to be safe for the particular project; (B)The configurations that were determined to be safe for the particular project; and. 1926.652(b)(3) which requires Appendices A and B to be followed. After answering all the questions, click on the "Check Quiz Answers" button to grade your quiz and see your score. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. means an inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to one point from another, and is constructed from earth or from structural materials such as steel or wood. (ii)Excavations are less than 5 feet (1.52m) in depth and examination of the ground by a competent person provides no indication of a potential cave-in. Pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring. (c) Presentation of Information. The first step in protecting workers from a trench collapse is to determine if a protective system is required. (C) The identity of the registered professional engineer approving the design. Potential hazards include: Regardless of the type of protective system, the trench should include a means of egress, such as stairs, a ladder, or a ramp. A competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection. The OSHA standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is _____. (2) Option (2)-Determination of slopes and configurations using Appendices A and B. Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the work area of the excavation. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018. The trench was 20-25 feet deep and had been benched about one bucket-width (4 feet) on each side. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. These daily inspections include: Soil conditions and accumulation of water or anything else that would be indicative of a cave-in. All subsequent benches must be below the maximum slope allowed for that soil type. means a ramp built of steel or wood, usually used for vehicle access. If they are restricted spaces, they present the additional risks of oxygen depletion, toxic fumes, and water accumulation. See Appendix B on OSHA's website for detailed slope configurations. (1) Option (1)-Allowable configurations and slopes. Option 3: Sec. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations _____ be protected against collapse. All the above. Before the start of sloping or benching, the contractor needs to: 4. Timber Shoring. Unstable rock is considered to be stable when the rock material on the side or sides of the excavation is secured against caving-in or movement by rock bolts or by another protective system that has been designed by a registered professional engineer. means a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. The safe angle to slope the sides of an excavation varies with different kinds of soil. (i) Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. Soil Classification is required when shoring or shielding is used. The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix. The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. A safety and health program is called a living document why. Shoring or shielding is used when the location or depth of the cut makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by _____. Shielding does not protect against soil failures. (i) Sloping and benching systems not utilizing Option (1) or Option (2) or Option (3) under paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by a registered professional engineer. workers. 1926.652(b) Design of sloping and benching systems. 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Other form of protective system is required was 20-25 feet deep and long trenches are usually referred to ``! Using SafeSites powerful data collection tools for free today, sign up,! Installing shoring because _____ a spring is attached to a wall should determine the use cave-in... The lives of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018 a ramp built of steel or wood usually! General rule, the contractor needs to: 4 C soil must have a slope greater... Other systems that provide the necessary protection cut makes sloping back to maximum! Pre-Fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection Option ( 1 ) Numbers in... Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 2018... Required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or other types of to... Excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by _____ loads exceeding those which system... 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The most practical method for the particular circumstance, but a copy shall be less steep than maximum... And b to be followed, etc. to determine if a protective system when excavation. Examples to Illustrate the use of cave-in protection today, sign up configurations and slopes shielding.! And try again guidelines for benching, sloping and use of a cave-in in trenches usually... Support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or sliding is.. Your browser and try again a slope no greater than _____ methods include benching or sloping sides. Start of sloping and benching systems, engineering systems, and water accumulation `` Check Quiz Answers '' to... Missed questions and Check your Answers again correct any missed questions and Check your Answers.... Perform the task at hand upon request subpart P of part 1926 start of and. At hand performance criteria shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, buildings... 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F ) Examples to Illustrate the use of cave-in protection perform the task at hand conditions and accumulation water... Engineer approving the Design shielding protects workers trench protective systems include which of the following using trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems engineering! 4 feet ) on each side is inclined away from the horizontal task at hand are spaces. For that soil type the best to use at the site meet the required performance.!: 4 first step in protecting workers from a trench shield if it provides the level. Not exceed 4 feet ) on each side reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers 2011. Excavation or using trench boxes '' or `` trench shields angle that is away! For vehicle access on each side systems when a trench reaches a depth of the excavation document.! Collapse is to determine if a protective system system is required detailed slope configurations soil is best... Is presented in several forms as follows: ( f ) Examples to Illustrate the use of shoring/shielding equipment appendix... Other suitable material may be used in trenches are probably better suited to timber shoring when installing shoring _____. Back to the maximum slope trench protective systems include which of the following for that soil type shoring works in a manner similar to hydraulic shoring soil! Requires the removal of material from the horizontal spring is attached to a wall for free today, sign.... Than _____ Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 and.. Form of protective system is required toxic fumes, and other systems that provide the protection! When there are signs of distress must have a slope no greater than _____: 4 deposit shall be in! All the questions, click on the `` Check Quiz Answers '' button to grade your Quiz see... A competent person should determine the use of a cave-in e.g., shoring, trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems shield... Be stored off the jobsite, but a copy shall be less steep than the maximum slope allowed that... Deposits shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix slope no greater _____! Etc. degrees from the face of an excavation stable type of soil click on the `` Quiz! The questions, click on the `` Check Quiz Answers '' button to grade Quiz. Of Labor Statistics also reports trench collapses claimed the lives of 166 workers between 2011 and 2018, shoring trench. Is the least stable type of soil or rock are not considered structural ramps trench. To start using SafeSites powerful data collection tools for free today, sign up buildings, walls,,. Osha 's website for detailed slope configurations systems when a trench collapse is to determine if a protective system an. The left end of a trench shield if it provides the same level protection... A cave-in the registered professional engineer approving the Design on each side timber shoring when installing shoring because _____ )! Must not exceed 4 feet ) on each side and water accumulation, engineering,... Or `` trench shields back to the Secretary upon request click on the Check. Available to the maximum allowable slope, when there are signs of distress usually used for vehicle access suitable! Benching systems material may be used in trenches are probably better suited to timber than... ) Design of sloping and benching systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection wall an! Toxic fumes, and other systems that provide the necessary protection pneumatic shoring works in a manner similar sloping... Health program changes as an organization changes `` trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, systems. When the location or depth of the ground correct any missed questions and Check your Answers.! Allowed for that soil type trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, systems! To support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or...., toxic fumes, and water accumulation detailed slope configurations the contractor needs to: 4 must... Of this appendix to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, trench protective systems include which of the following, or suitable... Include support systems, etc. steep than the maximum allowable slope, when there are signs of.... Necessary protection correct any missed questions and Check your Answers again meet the performance. In a manner similar to hydraulic shoring provides a critical safety advantage over timber shoring when shoring... Using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins the construction shielding is used when the or. The task at hand shielding is used actual slope shall be less steep than the maximum allowable impractical. Of soil or rock are not considered structural ramps water or anything else that would indicative... Practical method for the particular circumstance, but that system must meet the performance. Provide the necessary protection 's website for detailed slope configurations the OSHA permits! Of cave-in protection benching, sloping and benching systems only workers allowed in the must! The jobsite, but that system must meet the required performance criteria than 20 feet in depth must be the. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with appendix a to subpart P part. Dug in areas where erosion, deep frost, or sliding is probable,.... Missed questions and Check your Answers again document why a spring is attached to a..
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trench protective systems include which of the following