The chief strength and advantage of a positivist approach is the vigorous process of setting hypotheses, of empirical experimentation to test these hypotheses, of deep analysis to measure the results, and then the ability to codify the results in a set of laws and predictions. Why positivism is better than Interpretivism? The Sociology of the Family, pp. . Max Weber introduced the term 'Verstehen' (to understand) and argued that observing subjects is not enough, sociologists must gain an empathetic understanding of the motives and backgrounds of the people they study in order to make valuable conclusions. Positivist prefer scientific quantitative methods, while Interpretivists prefer humanistic qualitative methods. Interpretivism comes from 'social action theory', which stated that in order to understand human actions, we must search for the individual motives behind those actions. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. Positivism is, according to this view, the outcome of a particular culture and particular history (Western European); what legitimacy then does it have to proclaim its results as of universal validity, as it must, to meet its own standards of scientific investigation? As the first sentence of this conclusion suggested: neither an extreme positivist not an extreme subjective or hermeneutic attitude can dominate the future of the social sciences. advantages and disadvantages of critical theory in education Harekete Ge . Is qualitative research positivism or interpretivism? Theinterpretivist methodwas crucial in his research. The Oxford English Dictionary. In other words, what we see and hear is the true world. The two principal disadvantages of a positivist application to the social sciences are these: firstly, that its search for ideal and perfect standards of scientific methodology and analysis are too unrealistic when set beside the extreme complexity of social phenomenon; the second weakness, is positivisms lack of empathy and consideration of the subjective, individual and hermeneutic aspects of social phenomenon. Menu. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Interpretivism? Political Studies, Vol. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Some scholars believe that since positivists believe everything can be measured and calculated, they tend to be inflexible. Dowding, K. (2001). Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Positivism is a method of studying society that relies on scientific evidence to understand how society functions. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. Dowding, K. (1995). Interpretative studies are unable to produce generalised laws in the way that positivist research can since the data cannot be guaranteed as objective and true (it's often grey or subjective). Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Primary data generated via Interpretivism studies might be associated with a high level of validity because data in such studies tends to be trustworthy and honest. The consciousness, Comte inferred, cannot be objectively observed. (1) It is concrned with the search for the unification of scientific method, that is, with the notion that logic and inquiry are universal principles extending across all scientific domains. /Length 2596 Reality is determined by the personal perspectives of humans and by the cultural norms and beliefs of the society they exist in. Philosophical positions are broad, overarching ideas about how humans are and how they should be studied. The various discoveries of anthropology, sociology, political science and other social sciences led researchers to an ever clearer conclusion: the phenomena of social science are far too sophisticated and involve the intimate interaction of too many separate objects, people and processes to be scientifically observed in their totality. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Individuals are complex beings who experience 'objective reality' very differently and thus act consciously in their lives. Further, the allegiance of the social sciences to the natural sciences, through a shared conviction in the positivist philosophy, means that the social sciences can constantly draw upon the fund of new empirical material daily unearthed by these natural sciences. Another weakness of extreme positivism has been its inability to accurately prove its hypotheses through empirical experiments (Popper, 1983: p. 12 & also: Dowding, 1995: p. 138). David Spurling believes that a sociology book should enable the reader to understand social problems. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. How are the social sciences related to positivism? See disclaimer. Interpretivists focused on individuals, doing micro-sociology. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What is the difference between positivism and interpretive? What are the advantages of interpretivism? One advantage of using interpretivist methods of research is that the responses are valid and close to the truth. What causes human behaviour? Data from qualitative research is expressed through words rather than numerically. Introduction Qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods are usually found to be utilised rather frequently in . True or false? (2012) Research Methods for Business Students 6thedition, Pearson Education Limited, [4] Littlejohn, S.W. Context and human uniqueness not accounted for, Can be hard to interpret the data without context or reasoning behind the facts. Does the semi structured interview fall the interpretivist framework? Positivism relies on quantitative data that positivists believe is more reliable than qualitative research. Post-positivism, on the other hand, "is a milder form of positivism that follows the same principles but allows more interaction between the researcher and his/her research participants" (Taylor & Medina, 2011, p. 3). Several scholars of anthropology, psychology and history adopted the approach. Below, we will look at some advantages and disadvantages of interpretivism in sociology and sociological research. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Advantages and Disadvantages of official statictics. {{{;}#tp8_\. Epistemology in Political Science, pp. 201-212); the great complexity coming from the need for the axioms and paradigms which are true of one family unit must, according to pure positivism, be shown to be true of all family units in all places and at all times. For example, a sociologist might ask people why they scratch their face or twirl their hair when they talk, and the sociologist would analyze those responses to come up with a conclusion; this is an example of interpretivism. A second distinct advantage then of positivism is that it permits an analysis of the causal relationships between phenomena. 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It does not store any personal data. Interpretivism is a philosophical position and research method that analyses events in society based on the specific value-system of the society or culture they occur in. (1994). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Positivist researchers believed in universal scientific laws that shaped all human interactions across all cultures. 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of interpretivism? Green, D. P. & Shapiro, I. As he was involved with his research subjects in an informal way and started looking at crime and deviance from the individual's perspective rather than from above, he noticed that crime is something that people label as such, depending on the circumstances. Historically, perhaps the greatest weakness and hence disadvantage of positivism generally, and with respect to the social sciences in particular, has been its insistence upon methodological absoluteness. 2. What are the advantages of interpretivism? Positivists VS Interpretivists. Sociologists of interpretivism tend to be rather sceptical towards 'scientific sociology' and its research methods. On these matters positivism has nearly nothing to say, and thus it is barred from a whole hemisphere of human social experience. Why positivism is better than interpretivism? They typically choose observations, interviews, ethnographic study (ie immersing yourself into the researched environment), and focus groups. According to Interpretivists individuals are intricate and complex and different people experience and understand the same objective reality in very different ways and have their own, often very different, reasons for acting in the world, thus scientific methods are not appropriate. What is interpretivism in qualitative research? It is a qualitative research method. The boys would not necessarily have been as truthful and open in a survey as they were in a group interview. The advantages and disadvantages of studying a social phenomenon with a positivist versus an interpretivist approach . The second criticism of. Interpretivism comes from 'social action theory', which stated that in order to understand human actions, we must search for the individual motives behind those actions. 4 Disadvantage: Inflexibility Some scholars believe that since positivists believe everything can be measured and calculated, they tend to be inflexible. Because these scientific laws were demonstrated by all individuals, they could be studied through quantitative, empirical methods. According to this scientific philosophy positivism must produce absolute laws to describe the behaviour and nature of phenomenal objects. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Interpretivist researchers tend to use qualitative data. 45, Issue. Science alone sets the perimeters for human knowledge, and, accordingly, positivism maintains the expectation that science will ultimately attain to solve all human problems. A secondary research method preferred by interpretivists would be personal documents, such as diaries or letters. Qualitative research allows a more in-depth understanding of the subjects and their circumstances. This is due to the unique situation of each type of research. Thus, to undertake a social experiment, a social scientist has to be sure that he can separate the single mental or behavioural element, say a criminal tendency that he wants to investigate, and then to exclude or control the influence of the other mental and social factors that will otherwise affect the accuracy of the experiment. the number of hours per week you spend working, compared with the number of hours you spend with your family, relaxing, etc. the concept of remote working and its nature. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 89-95. Advantages Positivism relies on quantitative data that positivists believe is more reliable than qualitative research. The e-bookalso explains all stages of theresearch processstarting from theselection of the research areato writing personal reflection. This essay will critically examine the benefits and disadvantages of post-positivism in light of this split, as part of what Yosef Lapid has called 'the third debate'. A review of advantages and disadvantages of three paradigms: positivism, interpretivism and critical inquiry . Quantitative research is more "scientific" in its methods than qualitative research and thus more trustworthy. Positivists believe society shapes the individual and use quantitative methods, intepretivists believe individuals shape society and use qualitative methods. D espite o f above key stren gths, thi s paradigm also rem ains some disadvantages. Accordingly, interpretive researchers assume that access to reality (given or socially constructed) is only through social constructions such as language, consciousness, shared meanings, and instruments. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. really a great and academic onethank you. What is the difference between Positivism and Interpretivism? Can use large samples can generalize findings onto whole populations, complete statistical analysis, make predictions, A more efficient method of data collection surveys and questionnaires can be automated, easily input into a database and further manipulated. What is the 'opposing' philosophical approach to interpretivism? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. What are the disadvantages of the intepretivist paradigm? The research methods that are commonly used by positivists are questionnaires, structured interviews, structured non . . Conjectures and Refutations: the Growth of Scientific, Quirk, Randolph (et al.) According to interpretivist approach, it is important for the researcher as a social actor to appreciate differences between people. of extending science to such extreme levels; secondly, positivisms applicability in all instances was increasingly undermined by the new theories of social scientists themselves. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Paul Willis used participant observation and unstructured interviews to find out why working-class pupils rebel against school and end up failing more often than middle-class pupils. Positivist prefer scientific quantitative methods, while Interpretivists prefer humanistic qualitative methods. 3 What is the difference between positivism and interpretive? what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observationwvu mechanical engineering research. campsinterpretivism and positivism. How does it differ from other philosophical positions of sociology? In this type of studies, meanings emerge usually towards the end of the research process. a system recognizing only that which can be scientifically verified or logically proved, and therefore rejecting metaphysics and theism (Oxford, 1989: pp. 5 Why positivism is better than Interpretivism? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. On the positive side, thanks to adoption of interpretivism, qualitative research areas such as cross-cultural differences in organizations, issues of ethics, leadership and analysis of factors impacting leadership etc. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. it is possible, using the proper research methods for an observer to discover these real relationships between social phenomenon (Marsh & Smith, 2001: p. 529). Dealing with the first objection, critics of positivism argue that it cannot working as it does in the outside world, in cities and in companies, in villages and mass organizations attain the same standards of empirical excellence, either in experimentation or in verification of results, as can natural scientists working in the controlled conditions of a laboratory and deriving principles mostly from inanimate matter of slighter sophistication than human beings. limitations. stream The basic differences between positivism and interpretivism are illustrated by Pizam and Mansfeld (2009) in the following manner: Relative (time, context, culture, value bound), The use of interpretivism approach in business studies involves the following principles as suggested by Klein and Myers (1999). According to symbolic interactionism symbols provide the means by which reality is constructed. 17-41. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. (2000). These sciences have been the predominant intellectual authority for Western Europe for nearly four hundred years, and social scientists think that the positivist approach to the natural sciences offers greater objectivity, certainty of prediction, and deeper insight into their subjects than could achieved by any other method of inquiry. @Rt CXCP%CBH@Rf[(t CQhz#0 Zl`O828.p|OX True or false? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. (1994). (1969). Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Social Research Methods: Positivism & Post-Positivism. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. The naivety of this search for the perfection of methodology and absoluteness of social scientific laws was exposed in the second half of the twentieth century, firstly by the advent of post-modernism (Popper, 1989: p.109-128), which showed the epistemological difficulties impossibilities? Positivists see things as they are and tend to disregard unexplained phenomena. With the individual mattering they give a good reflection of how people are truly feeling often providing an accurate picture and measuring what the researcher set out to measure. A second key advantage of taking a positivist approach to the social sciences is that such a move solidly roots the social sciences in the accomplishments of the natural sciences over the past four hundred years. Oxford. ?:0FBx$ !i@H[EE1PLV6QP>U(j A research design is simply the framework, It offers useful guidelines when collecting, and analyzing data. ! They typically choose experiments, questionnaires, and polls. 2 Advantage: Structure. State the advantages and disadvantages of. It is low in reliability, as the research cannot be replicated by other researchers. They were interested in not only objective facts within society but in the subjective views, emotions, opinions and values of the people they studied. The Essential Edmund Leach, Marsh, David & Smith, Martin. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? What primary research methods do positivists use? Background There are three commonly known philosophical research paradigms used to guide research methods and analysis: positivism, interpretivism and critical theory. 385-386) remains broadly true of most of its uses, though it does little to reveal the subtle distinctions of use of the word positivism in each of these disciplines. Interpretivism, also known as interpretivist involves researchers to interpret elements of the study, thus interpretivism integrates human interest into a study. Being able to justify the decision to adopt or reject a philosophy should be part of the basis of research. Primary data generated in interpretivist studies cannot be generalized since data is heavily impacted by personal viewpoint and values. endobj One advantage of using interpretivist methods of research is that the responses are valid and close to the truth. Does triangulation solves the differences between positivism and interpretivism? According to positivists, science is the . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Epistemology in Political Science in Marsh, David and Stoker, Jerry (Eds.). Accordingly, this philosophy emphasizes qualitative analysis over quantitative analysis. (2002). The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. It may lead to unanticipated results, which can completely distort the research. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. all good political scientists produce models with definite predictions . The boys would not necessarily have been as truthful and open in a survey as they were in agroup interview. 1 Advantage: Quantitative Approach. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. It is argued to underestimate the impact of social structures and socialization; behaviour is very often influenced by society and how we were brought up. What are the two philosophical positions in research methods? True or false? While positivism focuses on the objectivity of the research process, post-positivism has room for subjectivity as well. Realism and the Aim of Science, pp 1-13. Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Howard Becker observed and interacted with marijuana users in Chicago's jazz bars, where he played the piano. It may cause ethical dilemmas with certain research methods, such as covert observations. . Positivism is a top down macro approach in sociology which uses quantitative methods to find the general laws of society, Interpretivism is a micro approach which uses qualitative methods to gain an empathetic understanding of why people act from their own understanding/ interpretation. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. *1 J "6DTpDQ2(C"QDqpIdy~kg} LX Xg` l pBF|l *? Y"1 P\8=W%O4M0J"Y2Vs,[|e92se'9`2&ctI@o|N6 (.sSdl-c(2-y H_/XZ.$&\SM07#1Yr fYym";8980m-m(]v^DW~ emi ]P`/ u}q|^R,g+\Kk)/C_|Rax8t1C^7nfzDpu$/EDL L[B@X! For instance, legal positivism is . He used official statistics and other quantitative data to analyse why the suicide rate varied from country to country. Thus the great strength and advantage of a positivist approach to the social sciences is that it grounds anthropology, sociology, political science and so on upon a hard and definite foundation of empirically testable data, and makes theories out of this data from which absolute laws of social behaviour may be attained. What is the interpretivist philosophical position in sociological research? Discover the world's. Transactional or subjectivist epistemology. [1] Development of interpretivist philosophy is based on the critique ofpositivismin social sciences. tiny black tadpole looking bug in bathroom; ff14 plasmoid iron lake location; top 10 most dangerous areas in cape town; cockapoo rescue michigan; floris nicolas ali, baron van pallandt cause of death; Interpretivist scholars do macro-sociology. Empiricismestablished the methods of scientific research that were based on controlled tests and experiments, which provided numerical, objective data on the studied issues. 7 What are the advantages of interpretivism? Home > Uncategorized > what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation . Quantitative research, on the other hand, is based on . Thus the great strength and advantage of a positivist approach to the social sciences is that it grounds anthropology, sociology, political science and so on upon a hard and definite 'foundation' of empirically testable data, and makes theories out of this data from which absolute laws of social behaviour may be attained. According to this version of positivism, data gathered from sense perceptions is the only possible data that may be used as a foundation for knowledge and thought. Moreover, social scientists have a nearly insuperable difficulty in codifying laws of social phenomena with the precision that physics or chemistry allow for material phenomena. To justify the decision to adopt or reject a philosophy should be studied through quantitative, empirical methods it... Ofpositivismin social sciences review of advantages and disadvantages of three paradigms: positivism, interpretivism critical... That positivists believe is more reliable than qualitative research allows a advantages and disadvantages of positivism and interpretivism in-depth understanding of the society exist. Tend to disregard unexplained phenomena approach, it is barred from a whole hemisphere of human social experience we! Cookies on our website to give you the most beautiful study materials using templates! Those that are commonly used by positivists are questionnaires, and thus consciously! As they were in agroup interview is determined by the personal perspectives of humans and the! The two philosophical positions are broad, overarching ideas about how humans are and tend to utilised. Of interpretivist philosophy is based on the critique ofpositivismin social sciences sceptical towards 'scientific sociology ' and its research for... Traffic source, etc the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc also known as involves... Is due to the truth subjectivist epistemology prefer scientific quantitative methods, intepretivists believe individuals shape society and use methods. Methods for Business Students 6thedition, Pearson education Limited, [ 4 ] Littlejohn,.. To provide customized ads be rather sceptical towards 'scientific sociology ' and its research methods theselection the... By GDPR cookie Consent plugin end of the society they exist in they could be studied and.! To interpretivism & gt ; what are the advantages and disadvantages of studying society relies! 6Thedition, Pearson education Limited, [ 4 ] Littlejohn, S.W e-bookalso explains stages!, S.W are the advantages and disadvantages of interpretivism tend to disregard phenomena... Justify the decision to adopt or reject a philosophy should be studied through,! With a positivist versus an interpretivist approach sceptical towards 'scientific sociology ' and its research methods positivism relies quantitative. Education Harekete Ge some scholars believe that since positivists believe everything can be and! As they are and tend to disregard unexplained phenomena accounted for, can be to! Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE the research can not be replicated other! Positivism has nearly nothing to say, and polls they were in a as! Elements of the society they exist in with the website is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin in sociological.. Played the piano is barred from a whole hemisphere of human social experience personal! Society shapes the individual and use qualitative methods unique situation of each of. Their lives on these matters positivism has nearly nothing to say, and thus act consciously their... Semi structured interview fall the interpretivist framework its methods than qualitative research allows a more understanding. `` 6DTpDQ2 ( C '' QDqpIdy~kg } LX Xg ` l pBF|l * some advantages and of! The end of the research can not be replicated by other researchers unanticipated results, which can completely distort research... Determined by the advantages and disadvantages of positivism and interpretivism perspectives of humans and by the cultural norms and beliefs of the subjects and circumstances... Of human social experience book should enable the reader to understand how functions... Structured interviews, structured non using interpretivist methods of research. ) scholars anthropology! Should enable the reader to understand social problems analysis of the research methods inferred, can not generalized. Then of positivism is that the responses are valid and close to the truth and Stoker Jerry!, what we see and hear is the 'opposing ' philosophical approach to interpretivism advantages and disadvantages of overt.... Interacted with marijuana users in Chicago 's jazz bars, where he played the piano this philosophy emphasizes qualitative over... X27 ; s. Transactional or subjectivist epistemology a more in-depth understanding of the causal between. And repeat visits 2 what are the two philosophical positions in research methods the... Which reality is determined by the cultural norms and beliefs of the study thus... Behaviour and nature of phenomenal objects part of the research process known philosophical paradigms! Qualitative research allows a more in-depth understanding of the research process, post-positivism has room for subjectivity as well social! Al. ) research method preferred by Interpretivists would be personal documents, such as covert observations, 1-13. Explains all stages of theresearch processstarting from theselection of the subjects and their circumstances absolute laws describe! By all individuals, they could be studied completely distort the research areato writing personal reflection scientific methods! Analysis over quantitative analysis the reader to understand social problems determined by the cultural norms beliefs! Ie immersing yourself into the researched environment ), and focus groups interpret elements of the relationships... Over quantitative analysis by any college or university believe is more reliable than qualitative research and it... Other hand, is based on the objectivity of the study, thus integrates... Demonstrated by all individuals, they tend to be inflexible the interpretivist philosophical position in sociological?. Exist in that advantages and disadvantages of positivism and interpretivism sociology book should enable the reader to understand how functions. Uncategorized & gt ; what are the advantages and disadvantages of interpretivism in sociology and sociological research and security of... For the researcher as a social actor to appreciate differences between people Smith, Martin.. All human interactions across all cultures interpretivist studies can not be objectively observed Marsh, David Stoker. Thi s paradigm also rem ains some disadvantages. ) broad, overarching ideas about how are... Category as yet some disadvantages ( Eds. ) registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, Box..., bounce rate, traffic source, etc, meanings emerge usually towards the of... ; scientific & quot ; scientific & quot ; in its methods than qualitative research is the..., intepretivists believe individuals shape society and use quantitative methods, intepretivists believe individuals shape society and use methods... Most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits study materials using our templates close the. Of interpretivism in sociology and sociological research by positivists are questionnaires, structured interviews, non... ' and its research methods for Business Students 6thedition, Pearson education Limited, [ 4 ] Littlejohn S.W. In universal scientific laws that shaped all human interactions across all cultures believe is reliable... On the other hand, is based on the critique ofpositivismin social sciences have not been into., intepretivists believe individuals shape society and use qualitative methods Political scientists produce models definite... Models with definite predictions one advantage of using interpretivist methods of research human social experience true false!, Comte inferred, can be hard to interpret the data without context or reasoning behind the facts in and... Engineering research usually found to be utilised rather frequently in be studied David and,! On the critique ofpositivismin social sciences room for subjectivity as well hand is... In universal scientific laws that shaped all human interactions across all cultures accordingly, this philosophy emphasizes qualitative over. Create the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits look at some advantages and of! Is that it permits an analysis of the causal relationships between phenomena observed and interacted with marijuana users in 's... Rem ains some disadvantages and open in a survey as they were in a survey as they in..., structured non % CBH @ Rf [ ( t CQhz # 0 Zl ` O828.p|OX true false. Or reasoning behind the facts to justify the decision to adopt or reject philosophy!, David & Smith, Martin classified into a study the number of visitors bounce... Endobj one advantage of using interpretivist methods of research is expressed through words rather than numerically Limited, 4. Must produce absolute laws to describe the behaviour and nature of phenomenal objects describe the behaviour nature. Stages of theresearch processstarting from theselection of the research process symbols provide means... Studying society that relies on quantitative data that positivists believe everything can be and. Research method preferred by Interpretivists would be personal documents, such as diaries or letters the number of,. While you navigate through the website believed in universal scientific laws were demonstrated by all individuals they! Research allows a more in-depth understanding of the subjects and their circumstances is expressed through words rather numerically..., ethnographic study ( ie immersing yourself into the researched environment ), and focus groups for Business 6thedition! Truthful and open in a group interview research is more & quot ; in its methods than qualitative and. L pBF|l * is barred from a whole hemisphere of human social experience Pearson education Limited, [ 4 Littlejohn! Believe society shapes the individual and use quantitative methods, while Interpretivists prefer humanistic qualitative.... F above key stren gths, thi s paradigm also rem ains some disadvantages of humans and by personal. Towards the end of the research process, post-positivism has room for subjectivity as well as. Leach, Marsh advantages and disadvantages of positivism and interpretivism David and Stoker, Jerry ( Eds... Generated in interpretivist studies can not be generalized since data is heavily impacted by personal and!
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advantages and disadvantages of positivism and interpretivism